Mortar for plaster: types and characteristics of the material

Gusevsky Andrey Anatolyevich

The composition of the mortar

The composition of the stucco mortar directly depends on the application surface and the thickness of the layer. Room humidity also plays a role.

Today we’ll talk about the rules for preparing the stucco composition and you can do it yourself, then the finish price will not be significant. You can also watch a video in this article and a photo and this will help you not to miss anything.

The main types of solution

Plaster solutions are divided into two main types, this is for external and internal surfaces:

Plaster layers

The preparation of the mortar for plaster will largely depend on the number of application layers. Its simple appearance is made up of two layers. One of which is called - spray, and the second is called - soil. If the design is improved, then it is made up of soils, spray, coatings. Has a high quality, improved view.

• Spray is the first layer in applying plaster. Its thickness during manual application will be from three mm to five. Using mortar pumps for wood surfaces, the layer is no more than nine. And on structures made of brick, concrete no more than five mm.
• To create a spray, they take mainly a solution in liquid form. If it is applied manually, then its thickness should be in accordance with the immersion of the cone from eight cm to twelve. Processed solid structures moisturize before use. This is typical for cases when the room is warm.

Attention: The solution from spray, during work spreads over the pores of the structure, firmly adheres to its base. This will be the key to high-quality adhesion of surfaces.

• The more competent the compositions are made, the better they can fill in the irregularities of the structures. The grip will be ensured, it will acquire the necessary strength characteristics. This is what every master achieves at work. If the operations initially go wrong, this may affect the results of the work.
• Soil is the second layer. It should be a little thickened. It must first be filtered too, using a sieve. Its mobility is measured by immersion of the cone.

Caution: Soil is the main weight layer in the outline of the solution. It forms the desired thickness, makes the layers even.

• Sometimes it is required to create an increased thickness of the layers, then it is required to apply them several. Then each should be no more than seven mm, if the solution is made of lime. For lime-gypsum compositions, cement (seeCement plaster: do it right) - in mm five. Soil is qualitatively distributed by design.
• The cover is the third layer in a row, and the size is two mm. This solution is made using fine sand, previously cleaned and sieved. The sieve should contain 1.5 × 1.5 cells. Its density is checked by immersion of the cone. The coating solution is placed only by hand or on slightly dried soil with machines, then the coatings are carefully leveled.
• The coating after placement turns into a thin, soft film, it is easily wiped, then smoothed. You can work at this moment in different ways, each master has his own habits or customs. The main thing is to comply with the recipe of the ingredients, the sequence of operations when preparing the composition of the material. The layers of the wizard are placed, each in its own way, there are no special rules for this. The main thing is the sequence in performing operations of spreading, spreading.
• For spraying, the solution, and for the first soil layer, is thrown so that it completely penetrates into the roughness of the structure. So, it will be applied efficiently. Its second layer and others are allowed to simply be smeared. For nakryvki apply the method of spraying on the design or spreading. There are many varieties of production work. Each interprets them in their own way and uses them as they please. The main thing in the work is the quality, strength of the created coating.

Varieties of solution

The preparation of the plaster mortar directly depends on its composition. According to the standard classification, they are divided into a rough coating and a finish coating, which is final and is dyed or other finishing elements applied to it. But they are used only for structures on facades.

Each type of simple plaster is designed for its work. For example, calcareous compounds, lime-gypsum, designed for work inside spaces; cement, complex - only outside structures; Complex types of mortars and cement are used inside buildings, but sometimes, for places where there are conditions for moisture.

All existing solutions are subdivided according to their exact characteristics, purpose and solidification time:

• By speed of setting there are air or lime;
• Hydraulic - hardening only in the open air, they mainly make the exterior finish;
• Cement without additives, they are least susceptible to humid environments;
• Hardening - there are fast-setting compounds with alabaster or with the composition of glass in liquid form;
• According to thermal characteristics - lightweight or “warm” (seeWarm plaster: composition and features of use);
• Grabbing slow - analogues with lime;
• Heavy, “cold”, the weight of the volume of their components is equal to or greater than the volume of liquid;
• Waterproof - waterproof solutions containing liquid glass, hydrosite, etc.
• Permeable completely from cement, lime that may leak moisture;
• By colors - simple solutions;
• By saturation - semi-liquid solutions, semi-thick, very thick - intended for thickened bastings;
• By composition - with decoration elements, simple, complex;
• Reinforcement - simple, reinforced with tow, other materials.

Clay solutions

Clay solution (seeClay stucco: where to use) used for plastering dry spaces, structures made of bricks, other material.

Prepare them like this:

Clay preparation

• Clay is placed in containers, water is added, then the clay is kneaded, set aside for 24 hours. Then they knead thoroughly, then mix again and so on until uniform, if necessary add water. After repeated stirring, it should be like sour cream.
• Filter it, add sand in small portions, mix until smooth.
  To add strength to it add lime. This solution can be used for several days. If it becomes a little thicker, you need to add fluids, but little by little, then everything is mixed. If it is fully suitable, then they can work without fear for the result. But each layer should be applied only to the previous, but already dry!
• Solutions harden in slow motion. They need to work on large areas, observing the sequence of layers for drying.

Lime solutions

Ceilings are covered with these solutions, except for cornices, stone structures, socles of any sizes, parapets.

Caution: Solutions are not recommended for use in humid spaces.

We make a mortar

So:

• Lime solutions harden in a short time, it is necessary to work with it promptly, and on large areas. Important: the surface is supposed to be made of wood or other material that absorbs little moisture. But if the structure is stone, brick, very solid, the drying process is accelerated. Then the area of ​​work may be small. The hardening of these compounds can be seen by their appearance; when dried, they significantly whiten, and the light grayness of the solution disappears.
• Solutions have low strength characteristics reaching up to 0.4 MPa. Grasp slowly, for this reason they must be cooked in huge portions, and then stored for several days. But at the same time their plasticity is lost. Composition will require the addition of a binder.
• They are made in this way: a dough of lime, pre-filtered, is poured into the container. Before use, it may be thick, not very or thin. Add sand in small portions without debris and impurities, mix. The process continues for some period until the composition becomes homogeneous, with the desired fat content. Filtering through a sieve at this point is required. If the composition is thick, it must be diluted, just pour water. If a lime-gypsum composition is prepared, then in real life its density should be increased.
• Lime-gypsum compounds are used when working in absolutely dry spaces, and for wooden structures. And for those that were made of stone, fiberboard, straw, reeds. The solution is suitable for decorating cornices. He quickly grasps, this must be taken into account when working.
• Lime-gypsum compositions or plants are prepared in small portions, approximately five liters. They should be used up in a few minutes. If he has already grasped, mixing it is undesirable, otherwise he will lose the likelihood of hardening, obtaining strength.
• For one serving, pour water into the container, add gypsum in the thinnest trickle, mix the contents promptly to form a plaster creamy dough. After this, it is necessary to add the mortar, mix still, now it can be used for business.

Attention: Such a solution for plastering slopes is used quite often. But in this case, it is worth fixing the perforated corner in a plane. Then the corner will keep a smooth edge.

Cement-lime compounds

They are used in construction most often. May be a solution of m 150 plaster M300, M400, M500. This indicator depends on the volume of cement. The more you add per 1 cube of cement mortar, the coating will be more durable. Basically, such compounds are used for places with high moisture.

We make a cement mortar

• Using solutions plaster foundations, their parts located in places of contact with the ground. These places are located in a humid environment. The socles and external structures are subject to the same. For the insulation layer, compositions having water resistance are added. They are durable, with great rigidity, they can only be set in slow motion.
• Solutions should be used for work very quickly, within about an hour. It should be made on a volumetric site.
• Recommended compositions are from one to one, and one to six, where one and six parts of sand should be taken per volume of cement. There are solutions where the ratios are one to four, but they are tough, it is difficult to work with the compounds. In these types of jobs, one-to-three compounds are often used. They are plastic, they can be applied on the surface elementarily, without difficulty, and then evened out. But more cement is needed!

Now you have instructions for use and preparation of the solution. If you want to change the properties of the composition, then you will need to add a plasticizer for the plaster solution. Here you decide.