How to make decorative wall plaster with your own hands
Today we will consider in detail how to make decorative plaster with your own hands. This is more a creative process. After all, first of all, you need to choose the right picture, and the video in this article and photo will help in this.
After that, select the right tool for applying the invoice. And after that apply a dye that will also serve as a protection against external influences. Everything is done with your own hands and below is an instruction on the rules for performing this work.
The content of the article
Rules for applying decorative plaster
How to make decorative plaster yourself now we will consider in detail. This process is done in several stages, each of which is quite important.
Pay particular attention to the base plane. The combination of materials will depend on the quality of its preparation and this will significantly affect the durability.
We start with the colors
Any wall decoration with the help of decorative plaster, it should begin with a trial painting. Its purpose is not so much in choosing colors from the palette and evaluating the texture, as well as to check the fit.
So:
- When the test paint dries completely, it is turned over or placed vertically and tapped on the back wall, using the handle of a spatula but also the roller. If the paint holds, it means that on the wall he will show himself in the same way from the best side.
- Painting is usually done on a plywood sheet with an area of 0.5x0.5 meters and a thickness of 8 to 20 millimeters. Plywood for this is taken the simplest, not impregnated, from birch or from coniferous varieties of wood. The choice of plywood is due to the fact that plywood on casein behaves like a wall prepared for plastering. Thus, drywall and other board materials must be excluded during the painting process.
Attention: When choosing plywood for painting, you need to pay attention to the fact that it would not be stratified, without dust and not be in the marks of hands. All this greatly affects the decrease in the adhesive susceptibility of the material.
We prepare the walls
When preparing the walls for applying any decorative plaster to them, we use the following algorithm:
- It is necessary to get rid of all cracks.
- Putty with a reliable cement-containing putty (see How to putty walls - getting a perfectly smooth surface).
- When plastering, you need to use a falcon, without using any beacons. Since the decor will hide all flaws, there is no need to achieve perfect evenness.
- Using the mackerel, it is necessary to get rid of dust as much as possible, and then control the vacuum cleaner.
- All types of plaster need to be primed with deep penetration. The exception will be Venetian plaster, we will consider it further.
Attention: We refuse lighthouses for a simple reason. From the layer of plaster we do not achieve evenness, but we achieve exceptional uniformity. The recovered beacons and their sealed locations break the necessary uniformity. Thus, in a few years, this will lead to delamination of our decor.
- When choosing a base plaster, choose a warm type of plaster. It is better to refuse to use less durable plasters, such as foam.With decorative plaster it is necessary to use the rule, which is easier, to lay down on what is harder.
- Choosing Warm Plaster due to the fact that the decor is heterogeneous and therefore very sensitive to temperature extremes over its entire thickness. In the modern world, when building houses, materials with high thermal conductivity are used. Heating also changed from stove to radiator, and all these factors can with a high degree of probability lead to the exit of the gradient from its permissible limits with a sharp change in temperature.
Venetian plaster backing
Natural Venetian plaster coating is demanding on physical labor. Also, for the manifestation of Venetian plaster in all its grandeur, its substrate must have excellent reflective properties.
- The historical primer method is very complicated. It is painted with zinc, and in some cases with lead white, made with linseed oil. Quartz sand with a fine fraction and crushed, depreciated, clouded pearls are also mixed in.
- The historical primer method is not practical. Pearls are still very expensive, even when replaced with a pearl stalemate, which is made from various kinds of fish scales. Also, during the next repair, the oil that has absorbed into the wall can very vilely manifest itself on fresh paint or new wallpaper. And as you know, oil stains are very difficult to remove.
- The modern base of the surface for Venetian plaster is a pearl acrylic paint in which sand is added, adding roughness and improving adhesion.
- The proportion of sand is from 5 to 15% directly by weight. A more accurate proportion is determined by the breakdown that needs to be done, with your finger, according to the dried color. If the nail goes smoothly and smoothly, and a uniform speck remains on it, then the quality is good. If small scratches are visible on the nail, then the sand is not enough, and maybe it is larger than necessary. In cases where there is an excess of sand - the finger begins to slow down when entering the paint.
Techniques used in the work
The methods for applying conventional and decorative plaster are fundamentally different. Work with decorative plaster includes: Modeling, grinding, tinting, glazing (it has already been discussed above). The Venetian will receive special attention.
The following will be considered techniques used exclusively in manual work:
- Also, these plasters are distinguished by the fact that decorative plaster in its essence should be multilayer. This will give the effect of high art. The number of layers in does not have restrictions on the number, the only convention is the material itself and how many layers it will allow to apply.
- The thickness of the final coating may have differences in relief, which will not exceed 6 mm.
- Each layer should be applied on a wet-to-wet basis, even though the previous layer has already decided to grasp, the main thing is that it remains wet both in appearance and in tactile sensations.
- In turn, the layers can be either piecewise or, on the contrary, be continuous.
Plastering
When applying decorative plaster, you should abandon the falcon and lighthouses.
- The work is carried out with a spatula, best wide. Due to the high viscosity of the mixtures used, a spatula is best used with both hands. Bypassing flaws and irregularities.
- The spatula can be selected notched or even. Pull it up from the bottom. It is possible both strictly vertically and with a slope. For a better fit to the wall, it is better to pull the spatula with wavy movements with a small amplitude.
| Tinting | Already applied to the surface, colors can be added. To do this, the same mixture, supplemented with the color that is necessary in color and tone, must be applied to the surface. It is best to use a wide brush with a soft pile or a roller with a long pile for application. Tinting is acceptable as a layer intended for modeling. So is the layer intended for grinding. |
| Modeling | Modeling is performed in many ways, equally good for it: rollers, dies, fingers, but always with a glove. It all depends on the desired result. The molding gives both relief and color transition obtained from dispersal of paint. |
| Grinding, for what and what is done |
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| Stucco | To make meaningful images on the plaster, the use of stencils is very good.
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Drying process
The drying process of the decoration is possible in only one way - natural drying.
Attention: It is necessary to take measures to eliminate sunlight, which is not allowed on the plaster. Accelerating the drying process is useless, since it has a very negative effect on plaster.
- The plaster is considered to have dried out after 24 hours in clear sunny weather or after 48 hours in cloudy.
- The room becomes usable after 7 days. The setting of each layer takes up to 12 hours.
- After 15 hours, the layer is considered dried up, which means the end of the work, or the fact that you have to start all over again.
Types of plasters
There are a lot of decorative plasters, but based on the result obtained as a result, they can be classified as follows:
- Venetian - can be considered the mother of all other plasters.
- Stucco (reviewed earlier).
- Modeling plaster.
- Structural (see Structural plaster: application technology).
- Fiber plaster.
- Wax plaster ..
- Textured.
- Flock plaster.
Wax
Venetian plaster has one big plus, which is also a kind of drawback, its hygroscopicity. What makes it unsuitable for use in rooms with a high percentage of humidity, such as a bathroom.
- In France, they found a solution to this problem by making the plaster absolutely waterproof. They began to inject 20-25% of cellulose fibers boiled in wax. And the name this plaster received "Marseille wax."
- At the moment, wax plaster for bathrooms is made on acrylic. That allows you to use them with a large percentage of moisture in the air.
Fibrous
How to make decorative fiber plaster with your own hands. The Italians decided not to yield to the French superiority in the production of durable and aesthetic plasters and created fiber plaster.
- Plant, cellulose fibers were replaced by animals, more specifically silk threads. The result was stucco stucco. Today, expensive natural materials were also replaced with acrylic, but this did not affect the quality and aesthetics of the putty.
- Velveton and Velvetex are two well-known brands producing Ottento. The difference between them is like between twix sticks.It is generally accepted that in Velvetex the fiber additive is evenly distributed, while in Velvetex, fiber conglomerates are more pronounced.
Textured
Textured plaster - the property of scientific and technological progress. Textured elements are added to the material at the manufacturing stage. And the stucco itself in its features is more like wallpaper in a bank.
- The application of textured plaster takes place without any features in the process. Usually even grinding is not needed. There are also textured plasters that imitate the Venetian, but not breathable.
- Textured plasters are currently developing rapidly. Now you can buy plaster with both a random texture and a systematic one. Perhaps in the near future we will come to the fact that the textured plaster will be of the type - applied, dried, got Shishkin or Aivazovsky.
- Textured plasters have found their application in rooms of small size, such as a kitchen. They are not suitable for a bedroom or a nursery, since they do not breathe and have a very high price, which makes them expensive for large spaces. And to give fresh solutions in the design of rooms with complex temperature and humidity conditions, textured plasters are the best solution.
Structural
The final result of working with structural plaster is a random result in no way dependent on the master, and is completely left to chance.
The manufacture of self-forming plaster occurs on an industrial scale. This is due to the wide selection of plasters and the constant expansion of their range. They are made of acrylic with synthetics and are suitable for use in all types of rooms.
Note: Popular textures are terraco and bark beetle. When applying it is necessary to roll with a roller and rub with a spatula. Perfectly complemented by stencils due to its low relief.
Flock
Flock - from a German snowflake. When working with flock, using special sprayers, it is applied on a plastered and coated surface with special glue.
- After the glue dries, they pass over the surface with a brush and remove the badly adhering “snowflakes”. After that, a layer of acrylic varnish is applied, also by spraying.
- Plaster, flock and glue can be bought immediately with a ready-made set. If you buy everything separately, then you need to pay attention to the packaging, it indicates which plasters and which glue are compatible with a particular flock.
- There are folk craftsmen who make flocks on their own. Technology simple flocks flock handfuls and blow. When the glue begins to set, the flocks are gently pressed with a narrow stream of air from the vacuum cleaner. Home-made flock plaster can turn out good with sufficient experience. But it’s better to trust ready-made solutions.
Lessing or the last step
Glazing - gives resistance to both painting and bumps. It is the last step in applying decorative plaster to the surface.
So:
- The first method of glazing - can be called traditional. In it, mineral plaster is glazed with bees wax. The area drawn by wax must be ground with a rag. Felt is also suitable for these purposes, in some cases a horny sponge is used.
- Waxing is very difficult, time consuming and very responsible. Repeated application and grinding of wax is necessary, and at the same time, you need to try to maintain the relief and not spoil the picture. The quality of such glazing was previously verified very simply. On one side, the wall was rubbed with a palm; with correctly performed work, the other side became warmer from this friction.
- In modern times they glaze with special compositions for glazing, which is quite simple to apply with a brush or using a conventional roller. They also apply acrylic varnish, it penetrates well into the plaster.
Attention: Using the mixture for glazing, you must choose the same brand whose plaster will be applied.
How to make decorative plaster with your own hands video will help you quickly choose the right texture and choose a tool. The most important thing is not in a hurry and only high-quality materials are used in the work. This will be the key to the durability of the coating.
