How to make plaster yourself
How to make plaster we will consider today in detail. Only it should also be distinguished, putty and plaster. These are slightly different things.
There are also different plaster compositions that are applied in different ways. We will talk about these issues today. Also in the video in this article you can see the progress of the work.
The content of the article
Types of plaster material
Plaster is a rough material for facing, which is intended for leveling surfaces: ceilings (see How is plastering the ceiling), walls, and so on.
Attention: Depending on the chosen design option, the plaster may include various additives, but it always contains three substances: aggregate, water and flexible elements.
For plastering the walls using several options for solutions.
The main classification of plaster is according to the components that are included in its composition:
- Lime plaster;
- Clay and calcareous composition;
- A mixture of clay;
- Gypsum plaster;
- Composition with cement and lime.
Each of the used components of the plaster fulfills its purpose and adds the following qualities to the solution:
- Lime necessary to give the solution a viscous consistency. It can be multi-colored, quicklime, ground and so on. This is not a very durable material that dries for a long time. The lime mixture is well suited for use in dry rooms;
- Gypsum or Alabaster - afraid of moisture and not very durable, but after application it immediately begins to harden. A similar material is used for finishing work and as an addition to lime, which gives drying speed;
- Cement, it is a sufficiently durable material that withstands atmospheric phenomena, does not change after contact with water, is able to withstand severe mechanical influences.
Plaster based on cement and sand, is perfect for walls inside the building and areas where there is high humidity.
- Clay is used to impart viscosity to the composition; similar compositions are used for plastering and masonry stoves (see. Clay mortar for stucco: proportions), since after firing, the solution acquires maximum strength;
- In stucco, sand acts as a filler, various types of sand are taken for different compositions, but the most popular is river sand, which must be sieved and sorted before adding.
How is plastering performed?
The question of how to decorate the walls is no less relevant than the rest. The thing is that the work can be carried out in different ways and with different materials.
The following types of wall plasters are available:
| Simple | We apply it in several layers, suitable for non-residential premises, where there is no need for additional finishing - in the basement, in the attic, auxiliary rooms; |
| Improved plaster | Most often it is performed in public and residential buildings, applied in a classic way in three layers. Subsequently, the surface must be finished; |
| High quality | It is taken for appropriate decoration, it is carried out with expensive materials, beacons, as well as markers. |
Flaws that may appear when plastering
The reasons for the occurrence of defects may vary.For example, during the preparation of the solution, its drying, application, mistakes were made, or the wrong material was selected for the work. It is necessary to understand the reasons for these points in order to avoid errors.
The most common include:
| Shrink cracks | Appear when quickly drying from high ambient temperature or a draft, when applying the solution to the previous layer, which has not yet dried out; |
| Tubercles | They occur when quicklime is added to the solution; |
| Exfoliation | It is a consequence of applying the mixture to a contaminated and too dry surface; |
| Swelling | This can be seen when finishing a wet surface and waterlogging plaster; |
| Roughness | It will definitely appear during poor-quality grouting or the use of coarse sand. |
Primers the wall for plastering - preparing the foundation
What makes the plaster in the first place is to prepare the plane for applying a layer of material. The adhesion of surfaces and the durability of the coating depend on the quality of this work.
- First of all, the previous coating is removed. Otherwise, when wet, it may flake;
- We do an inspection of the plane, if there are cracks, they should immediately be putty;
- Now we pull the line diagonally. Thus, we find out the size of the layer to be applied.
Attention: if the layer exceeds three cm, then it is necessary to level the plane with drywall. If less, then the whole process must be done using plaster mesh.
Before applying any mixture, the surface must be primed (see Primer walls and all for that matter) This will help strengthen the base, reduce the risk of mold or mildew, and provide a better distribution of finishing substances.
The primer may be different, it all depends on the binder:
- Acrylic - incorporates polymers. It is considered to be a universal composition that is suitable for all bases (with the exception of only metal). There is no unpleasant odor and dries for about five hours;
- Alkyd, among them two types can be distinguished - on zinc phosphate and chromate. The time it takes to dry is ten to fifteen hours. Usually used for foundations of wood, chipboard and fiber boards;
- Phenolic - a mixture of varnish with anti-corrosive inclusions, fillers and solvents. Designed to process wood and metal surfaces;
- Perchlorovinyl - synthetic toxic primer. Apply for concrete, wood and metal. Work must be carried out outdoors where people live.
Attention: The price of soil is different. It is worth giving preference to a quality and proven brand. This will be the key to quality work.
The primer is applied with a brush or roller in several layers.
- On the surface, which are classified as loose or highly absorbent, several layers of liquid are required to enhance adhesion to the building mixture.
- On a smooth surface and on areas that have significant differences, attach plaster mesh. On a brick wall, most often, stucco sticks well, so the mesh is used extremely rarely.
Caution: Ignoring the primer step can ultimately result in poor coverage. On the finishing material, which is laid on the base, unprocessed with a primer, spots and stains, various cracks and warping can occur over time.
Learning the right plastering technique
Now we will consider how to make plaster with your own hands, the instruction is as follows.
- Once all the preparatory work has been completed, you can safely begin to plaster the surface. The technique of applying cement-sand, gypsum and lime mortars has certain nuances.The stucco mixture, which is made of cement, is applied in compliance with the classical technology, and includes the following stages: coating, soil and spraying.
- The first layer of the applied coating is a spray - its thickness usually reaches nine millimeters (on walls made of stone, concrete or brick - five millimeters, if a grid was applied - nine), by its consistency the working solution should look like sour cream.
- The next applied layer is the soil. The composition for it should have a pasty consistency. We apply it in one or several steps, until all the irregularities on the surface are removed. At this stage, we observe a certain layer of the applied solution - it should not be more than ten millimeters.
- The third coating layer is a coating - its thickness is up to four millimeters, the consistency is the same as in the first layer, that is, creamy.
- When applying the first, we use a falcon and a trowel, the solution, as it were, is poured onto the treated surface. With the right edge or the end of the trowel, we collect the mixture from the falcon and then throw it on the wall. Such a process is quite laborious and requires certain skills from a person. Therefore, if you are a beginner, it is better to work out in a separate area. After application, the plaster layer does not even out.
- The following plaster composition is applied only after the spray has hardened. It can either be attacked or spread. In the second case, pick up a falcon or a half-trick. We press the falcon with the solution with the lower end to the base on the thickness of the layer to be applied, and remove the upper edge by a hundred millimeters from the surface.
- As the tool moves, the solution is smeared over the surface, and the raised edge must be pressed a little. If a grater is used in the work, then the solution is superimposed by a bed, after which it is attached to the wall. Movement should go from the bottom up. To have a larger amount of solution on it, the width of the tool should be two hundred millimeters.
- The number of layers will directly depend on the required thickness of the plaster. The last layer must be aligned with the rule, the movements should be sharp and repeat the zigzags. Leveling by the rule is carried out several times until all the depressions are smeared, and the surface becomes smooth and rough.
- The third layer should be applied to the substrate by spreading. After that, with a half-trick or a rule, moving the tool in waves from below, carefully level everything. As a result, the plastered surface should be rough. This will be the basis for further puttying. Once again, it is worth paying close attention to the fact that plastering technology is an extremely crucial moment, which must be approached with all seriousness.
- After plastering, we wait for complete drying and grind the plane. You can read about it on the pages of our site.
As you can see, there is nothing supernatural in this process. The main thing is to choose the right composition and follow all recommendations.
It is also required to take into account all the nuances and without certain skills to conduct a workout. In this case, the result will please you with its quality. If you are thinking how to make a rose on stucco, then this is done a little under another. You will find this in the articles on textured plaster, there are also photos and recommendations.
